نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه باستان شناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه باستان شناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
3 وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The historical complex of Takht-e Soleyman in Takab, West Azerbaijan, includes valuable monuments and cultural materials from the Ilkhanate period, in addition to the Sassanid artifact. During archaeological excavations in the 1960s at the Takht-e Soleyman complex, a large number of Luster tiles were discovered from Abaqa Khan's Palace, with over a thousand pieces transferred to the National Museum of Iran. Despite this tile collection's qualitative and quantitative richness, their organization and complete study in the museum have not been carried out in the past decades. In response to this, the present research was initiated to organize, classify, and typologize the Luster tiles. Given the artistic significance of the samples, further studies were conducted with an aesthetic approach to explain the visual characteristics and principles governing the composition of the tile's visual elements. The article addresses the following questions: what are the visual characteristics of the Luster tiles in the National Museum of Iran, and what information does their typology provide regarding the most common forms, motifs, and inscriptions? How are the principles of composition and arrangement of visual elements on tiles used to create aesthetic value? To answer these questions, the documentation, photography, and organization of the tiles were first completed. Subsequently, the aesthetic components of the tiles were analyzed by studying the principles of composition and the application of primary visual elements in their decoration. The results of the classification and typology indicate the presence of six types of tiles: "small flat eight-pointed star without inscription", "large flat eight-pointed star with inscriptions", "eight-pointed star with relief motifs", "borders with relief inscriptions", "borders with relief motifs" and "cross-shaped or cruciform tiles". Among these, the eight-pointed star is the most common form, with plant motifs, followed by arabesque designs, being the most frequent motifs. Symmetrical, radial, and repetitive composition patterns are seen in more than two-thirds of the tiles, contributing to a sense of proportion, harmony, and stability in the tile designs. The high percentage of about 85% of tiles featuring decorative motifs, compared to the small number 4% with narrative or storytelling motifs, suggests that for both the artists and the patrons, ornaments and beauty were prioritized over the communication of a message. Composition patterns and visual elements were employed to achieve proportion, balance, symmetry, order, harmony, stability, and ultimately, the creation of beauty.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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