Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
- Associate Professor, Department of Archeology, Faculty of literature and Human Scinces, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil
2
Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Archeology, Faculty of social sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran.
3
M.A. in Archeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
10.22077/nia.2024.6788.1791
Abstract
The old texture of Ardabil city is one of the most important things in the field of Islamic urban planning studies due to the presence of works in the field of Islamic architecture and urban planning. One of the main remaining elements of this context are valuable historical houses, some of which have been destroyed or changed in recent years during urban construction projects and lifestyle changes, etc.; Therefore, it is necessary to know these buildings, especially their decorations, so that more measures can be taken to protect and maintain these houses. In this regard; The main purpose of this research was to investigate and study the decorations related to architecture in the houses of the Qajar and Pahlavi periods in Ardabil and the factors affecting these decorations. The research method in this research is descriptive and analytical, and the method of collecting findings is a combination of field and library methods. This research seeks to answer the following questions: What is the most important feature of the facade and entrance decorations of the historical houses of Ardabil city? And what is the relationship between house decorations and cultural, religious and social components? The results of the research show that during the Qajar period, important spaces such as entrances, main facades, and the main hall (royal residence) were decorated, and there were various types of decorations including brickwork, plastering, moqrans work, inscriptions, mirrors. Work, wooden decorations, sashes, pottery, wall painting, etc., were used. The entrance of the houses of the Qajar period was in the form of an entrance with a medium to small scale, usually having a double-slatted door with two knockers. On top of it, a brick design is worked in the form of a decorative arch. Also, individual decorations such as brickwork designs in the shape of lotus flowers, installation of stone statues in the two entrance areas, placing rings and drums, can be seen in a number of houses of this period. In the front of the houses of the Pahlavi period, the decorations have been reduced and it has been focused more on the facade of the building. In this period, the architect tried to use various brickwork designs in a simple way in the fronts of the facades. Also, the status of social and cultural classes has been related to the decorations of the houses. Cultural patterns such as; The use and installation of domes and rings, the principle of visual permeability with the use of openings, as well as the principle of privacy in the traditional houses of Ardabil city, have been shown. But during the Pahlavi period, the houses were deprived of the principle of privacy. Also, the social and class ranking of the house owners shows their status with expensive or simple decorations.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)