Analysis of the Visual Shape of Brick Arrays of Iranian-Islamic Architecture with a New Structure in Contemporary Iranian Architecture (Case study: Eight Examples of Brick Facades of urban Buildings in Iran)

Afrouzi, Mohsen

doi:10.22077/nia.2024.6692.1784

Analysis of the Visual Shape of Brick Arrays of Iranian-Islamic Architecture with a New Structure in Contemporary Iranian Architecture (Case study: Eight Examples of Brick Facades of urban Buildings in Iran)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Mohsen Afrouzi

School of Architecture and Urban Design Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22077/nia.2024.6692.1784

Abstract

Today, the facades of urban buildings, as the visual appearance of the city, are an important part of the image and identity of the city. In this way, in today's societies, the necessity to organize the visual appearance of the facades of buildings with regard to decorative and practical aspects has been more and more taken into consideration. Now, the question of the current research is, what are the new characteristics of the structure of the brick arrays of the facades of urban buildings in contemporary Iran, compared to the traditional structure in Iranian-Islamic architecture? And in terms of practicality and visuality, what executive and structural capacities does it have? The main goal of the research is to recognize and explain the visual and functional values of the geometry of the patterns of brick arrays of Iranian-Islamic architecture, which have been organized and implemented in the contemporary era with a new revision. In response to the questions, information has been collected based on library studies and the research propositions are discussed in a descriptive and content analysis way. The statistical samples are from the brick arrays of the facades of urban buildings in Iran, which were selected non-randomly by the author, based on the quality indicators of the facade, and the structure of the brick arrays was examined with a comparative-analytical approach. The results indicate that the developments of modern art and architecture and the contemporary arena have created conditions that, paying attention to the form and structure of bricks in the facade, as well as the choice of combined materials, have created a new visual taste and culture. In this regard, the approach towards brick facade design is aimed at mixing and integrating the elements and values of local art and architecture with a new perspective; In this way, brick arrays are arranged in a single and mixed form, combined with other materials, and have found a new form and expression in the form of an eclectic style. This method is considered by the community of architects as a symbol of cultural diversity in shaping urban landscapes. It is worth mentioning that previous researches in line with the problem of eclectic architecture have sought to study the intellectual and attitudinal taste of architects in different fields, in order to measure and identify the boundaries of creativity, design styles and enduring spirit of innovation; Therefore, the results of the current research can be considered in line with the problem of the previous researches. Among the results and findings obtained, it includes combined innovations with practical and decorative purposes, which are as follows: The first case is the combination of brick with materials such as glass, metal, wood and stone, in order to create combined shells and contrast in texture and color; The second case is creating a third dimension by combining the fakhr-o-madyan brickwork pattern in combination with rag-chin, khofteh-rafteh and khavun-chin methods, with angular, arched and deep shapes and forms; The third case is practical use of brick mesh curtains [inspired by fakhr-o-madyan style] with abstract and intertwined shapes and forms; The fourth case is the use of two-shell structure in order to take advantage of functional and decorative capabilities, such as: shading inside the building, covering privacy from the outside of the building, preventing urban visual pollution from inside the building, modulating the sun's radiation and heat - which are all these factors have created a new structure.

Keywords

Keywords: Brick arrays

Visual structure

Iranian-Islamic architecture

Contemporary architecture

Facades of urban buildings

Subjects

Architecture

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